Gallbladder Removal Surgery: What Happens Before, During & After

Gallbladder removal surgery — medically known as Cholecystectomy — is one of the most common and safest surgical procedures performed worldwide. Most people undergo this surgery due to gallstones, infection, or inflammation. If you’re preparing for the procedure or simply want to understand what happens, this step-by-step guide will walk you through the entire journey.

⭐ What Is Gallbladder Removal Surgery?

The gallbladder is a small organ located under the liver. Its function is to store bile, which helps in digesting fats.
When gallstones block the gallbladder or ducts, it can lead to:

• Severe upper abdominal pain

• Nausea & vomiting

• Infection

• Jaundice

• Pancreatitis

In such cases, doctors often recommend gallbladder removal to prevent repeated attacks or complications.

🩺 Before the Surgery: Preparation Stage

1. Doctor Consultation & Diagnosis

Your surgeon evaluates your symptoms, checks reports like:

• Ultrasound abdomen

• Liver function tests (LFT)

• Complete blood count (CBC)

• ECG (if needed)

You’ll also discuss your medical history, medications, and any allergies.

2. Pre-Surgery Instructions

The care team will guide you on:

• When to stop eating or drinking (usually 6–8 hours before surgery)

• Which medicines you should continue or stop

• Avoiding smoking or alcohol

• Arranging someone to accompany you

3. Anaesthesia Fitness Check

Before surgery, an anaesthetist will evaluate you to ensure your lungs, heart, and vitals are stable for general anesthesia.

⚙️ During the Surgery: What Exactly Happens?

Gallbladder removal is usually performed using two techniques:

1. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (Most Common)

• 3–4 tiny incisions (0.5–1 cm) are made

• A camera is inserted

• The gallbladder is carefully removed

• Minimal pain, quick recovery

2. Open Cholecystectomy (Rarely Needed)

Done when there is severe infection, previous surgeries, or complications.

⏱️ Duration of Surgery

The procedure typically takes 30–60 minutes.

🧠 Anaesthesia

You’ll be under general anaesthesia, meaning you sleep through the entire procedure and feel no pain.

⭐ After the Surgery: Recovery & Healing

1. Immediately After Surgery

You’ll be shifted to a recovery room for monitoring:

• Blood pressure

• Oxygen levels

• Pain control

Most patients can go home the same day or next day.

2. Pain & Wound Care

Expect mild pain or discomfort near the incisions for 2–3 days. Doctors usually prescribe:

• Painkillers

• Antibiotics (if needed)

Dressings are removed after a few days.

3. Diet After Surgery

For the first 24 hours: liquids
Next few days: soft diet
After 1–2 weeks: normal diet

Avoid oily and very spicy food initially.

4. Activity & Work

• Light walking is encouraged from Day 1

• Avoid lifting heavy weights for 2–3 weeks

• Most people return to work within 5–7 days

5. Long-Term Changes

You can live a completely normal life without a gallbladder. Your liver continues to make bile normally.
Some people may experience occasional loose stools initially, which usually resolve on their own.

🛑 When to Contact Your Doctor After Surgery

Seek medical attention if you notice:

• Fever

• Persistent vomiting

• Yellowish eyes (jaundice)

• Excessive swelling or discharge from the incision

• Severe abdominal pain

🥼 Final Thoughts

Gallbladder removal surgery is a safe, effective, and common treatment for gallstones and related complications. With modern laparoscopic techniques, patients recover faster and return to daily activities in just a few days.
If you’re experiencing repeated gallstone attacks or abdominal pain, consult a qualified surgeon to understand whether this procedure is right for you.